Inama y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku Bucuruzi n’Iterambere (UNCTAD) yasabye ko amato n’ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga birushaho kwiyubaka mu bijyanye no guhangana n’ibicuruzwa binyuze mu kongera ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo no mu buryo burambye kugira ngo bitegure ibibazo biri imbere. UNCTAD kandi irasaba ibyambu, amato n’imiyoboro yo mu mahanga kugira ngo bihindukire bikoreshe ingufu nke zikoresha karubone.

Nk’uko bigaragara mu gitabo cy’ingenzi cya UNCTAD, 'Maritime Transport in Review 2022′, ikibazo cy’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa mu myaka ibiri ishize cyagaragaje itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe ku bushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu mazi bigatuma igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa cyiyongera, ubucucike bw’ibintu n’ihungabana rikomeye mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi.

Amakuru agaragaza ko amato atwara ibicuruzwa birenga 80% by’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa ku isi, ndetse akaba ari menshi mu bihugu byinshi bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, hakenewe cyane kongera imbaraga mu guhangana n’ibibazo bihungabanya imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa, izamuka ry’ibiciro bya lisansi, kandi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abakene. Yasohotse muri raporo y’iki gitabo.

Ibiciro by’ibikoresho bike hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa n’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, bituma igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa mu buryo bw’agateganyo ku ma konteyineri kikubye inshuro eshanu urugero rw’ibyo byari biteganyijwe mbere y’icyorezo mu 2021, kigera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu ntangiriro za 2022, bituma ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bizamuka cyane. Igipimo cyaragabanutse kuva hagati mu 2022, ariko kiracyari hejuru ku bicuruzwa bitwara peteroli na gazi bitewe n’ikibazo cy’ingufu gikomeje.

UNCTAD irasaba ibihugu gusuzuma neza impinduka zishobora kubaho mu byifuzo by’ubwikorezi no guteza imbere no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’ibyambu n’imiyoboro yo mu mahanga, mu gihe bifatanya n’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Bagomba kandi kongera uburyo bwo guhuza ibyambu, kongera umwanya wo kubika no kubika ibintu n’ubushobozi bwo kubibika, no kugabanya ibura ry’abakozi n’ibikoresho, nk’uko raporo ibivuga.

Raporo ya UNCTAD ikomeza ivuga ko ihungabana ryinshi ry’ibicuruzwa rishobora kugabanuka binyuze mu koroshya ubucuruzi, cyane cyane binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, bigabanya igihe cyo gutegereza no kwemerera ibicuruzwa ku byambu kandi bikihutisha gutunganya inyandiko binyuze mu nyandiko z’ikoranabuhanga no kwishyura.

Raporo ivuga ko ibiciro byo gufata inguzanyo bizamuka, ubukungu butifashe neza ndetse n’amategeko adafite ishingiro bizaca intege ishoramari mu bwato bushya bugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Raporo ivuga ko ibiciro byo gufata inguzanyo bizamuka, ubukungu butifashe neza ndetse n’amategeko adafite ishingiro bizaca intege ishoramari mu bwato bushya bugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

UNCTAD irasaba umuryango mpuzamahanga kugenzura ko ibihugu bigizweho ingaruka mbi cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’ibiyitera bitagizweho ingaruka mbi n’ibikorwa byo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu mazi.

Guhuza ubwikorezi mu buryo butambitse binyuze mu guhuza no kugura byahinduye urwego rw’ubwikorezi mu byuma bitwara amakontena. Amasosiyete y’ubwikorezi nayo arimo gukurikirana ubwikorezi mu buryo butambitse binyuze mu gushora imari mu bikorwa bya terminale no mu zindi serivisi z’ubwikorezi. Kuva mu 1996 kugeza 2022, umugabane w’amasosiyete 20 ya mbere mu gutwara amakontena wiyongereye uva kuri 48% ugera kuri 91%. Mu myaka itanu ishize, amasosiyete ane akomeye yongereye isoko ryayo, agenzura igice kirenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubushobozi bwo gutwara amakontena ku isi, nk’uko raporo ibivuga.

UNCTAD irasaba abayobozi b’irushanwa n’ibyambu gukorana kugira ngo bahuze uburyo inganda zihuzwa binyuze mu ngamba zo kurinda amarushanwa. Raporo irasaba ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu kurwanya imyitwarire yo kwambuka imipaka yo kurwanya amarushanwa mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu mazi, hakurikijwe amategeko n’amahame y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye agenga amarushanwa.