Ati Abdullah

Ubukungu bwa Vietnam ni ubwa 44 mu bunini ku isi kandi kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati Vietnam yagize impinduka nini mu bukungu bwategekaga cyane ku nkunga y’ubukungu bushingiye ku isoko.

Ntabwo bitangaje, ni kimwe mu bihugu byihuta cyane mu bukungu bw’ubukungu bw’isi, aho bishoboka ko buri mwaka izamuka rya GDP ryiyongera hafi 5.1%, ibyo bikaba byatuma ubukungu bwabwo buza ku mwanya wa 20 ku isi mu 2050.

Tumaze kubivuga, ijambo ryamamaye ku isi ni uko Vietnam yiteguye kuba imwe mu masoko manini akora inganda zishoboka zo kwigarurira Ubushinwa n’iterambere ry’ubukungu.

Ikigaragara ni uko Vietnam izamuka nk'ahantu hakorerwa inganda muri kariya karere, cyane cyane mu mirenge nk'imyenda y'imyenda, inkweto ndetse n'inganda za elegitoroniki.

Ku rundi ruhande, kuva mu myaka ya za 80 Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare mu ihuriro ry’inganda ku isi n’ibikoresho binini, abakozi n’inganda.Iterambere ry’inganda ryitabiriwe cyane aho kubaka imashini n’inganda za metallurgie byashyizwe imbere cyane.

Hamwe nubusabane hagati ya Washington na Beijing muri freefall, ejo hazaza h’urunigi rwogutanga amasoko ku isi.Nubwo ubutumwa bwa White House butateganijwe bukomeje kwibaza ku cyerekezo cya politiki y’ubucuruzi y’Amerika, amahoro y’intambara y’ubucuruzi aracyakomeza gukurikizwa.

Hagati aho, kutubahiriza amategeko y’umutekano y’igihugu cya Beijing, abangamira ubwigenge bwa Hong Kong, bikomeza guhungabanya amasezerano y’ubucuruzi yo mu cyiciro cya mbere yari yoroshye hagati y’ibihugu by’ibihugu byombi.Tutibagiwe no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'umurimo bivuze ko Ubushinwa buzakurikirana inganda zidafite ingufu nyinshi.

Ubu bubi, bufatanije n’irushanwa ryo kubona ibikoresho byo kwa muganga no guteza imbere urukingo rwa COVID-19, rutera kongera gusuzuma isuzumabumenyi mu gihe gikwiye rifite amahirwe yo gukora neza kuruta ibindi byose.

Icyarimwe, ikoreshwa rya COVID-19 n'Ubushinwa ryateje ibibazo byinshi mubihugu byiburengerazuba.Mu gihe, Vietnam ari kimwe mu bihugu by’ibanze byorohereza ingamba zo gutandukanya imibereho no gufungura umuryango wacyo guhera muri Mata 2020, aho ibihugu byinshi bitangiye guhangana n’uburemere n’ikwirakwizwa rya COVID-19.

Isi yatangajwe no gutsinda kwa Vietnam muri iki cyorezo cya COVID-19.

Icyizere cya Vietnam nk'ahantu ho gukora

Kurwanya ibi bintu bigenda byiyongera ku isi, ubukungu bwa Aziya buzamuka - Vietnam - burimo kwitegura kuzaba ingufu zikomeye z’inganda.

Vietnam imaze kwiyerekana nk'umuntu uhatanira gufata umugabane munini ku isi nyuma ya COVID-19.

Nk’uko byatangajwe na Kearney US Reshoring Index, igereranya umusaruro w’ibikorwa byo muri Amerika n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu bihugu 14 byo muri Aziya, byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru muri 2019, bitewe n’igabanuka ry’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu Bushinwa 17%.

Raporo ya Medium ivuga ko urugereko rw’ubucuruzi muri Amerika mu Bushinwa bw’Amajyepfo rwasanze kandi 64% by’amasosiyete yo muri Amerika mu majyepfo y’igihugu atekereza kwimura umusaruro ahandi.

Ubukungu bwa Vietnam bwiyongereyeho 8% muri 2019, bufashijwe n’izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Biteganijwe kandi kuzamuka kuri 1.5% uyu mwaka.

Banki y'isi yahanuye mu bihe bibi bya COVID-19 ivuga ko umusaruro wa Vietnam uzagabanuka kugera kuri 1.5% muri uyu mwaka, bikaba byiza kurusha benshi mu baturanyi ba Aziya y'Amajyepfo.

Uretse ibyo, hamwe n’akazi gakomeye, kuranga igihugu, no gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gushora imari, Vietnam yakwegereye amasosiyete y’amahanga / ishoramari, bituma abayikora bagera mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa ASEAN ndetse n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hamwe n’ibihugu byo muri Aziya ndetse n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ndetse Amerika.

Tutibagiwe, mu bihe byashize iki gihugu cyashimangiye umusaruro w’ubuvuzi kandi gitanga inkunga zijyanye n’ibihugu byibasiwe na COVID-19, ndetse no muri Amerika, Uburusiya, Espagne, Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Ubudage, n’Ubwongereza.

Irindi terambere rishya rifite akamaro ni uko umusaruro w’amasosiyete menshi yo muri Amerika ava mu Bushinwa akajya muri Vietnam.Igice cya Vietnam cyoherezwa mu mahanga imyenda yo muri Amerika cyungutse kuko Ubushinwa ku isoko bugenda bugabanuka - iki gihugu cyarenze Ubushinwa kandi kiza ku mwanya wa mbere mu gutanga imyenda muri Amerika muri Werurwe na Mata uyu mwaka.

Imibare y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa by’Amerika muri 2019 iragaragaza iki kintu, muri rusange Vietnam yohereza muri Amerika yazamutseho 35%, ni ukuvuga miliyari 17.5.

Mu myaka 20 ishize, igihugu cyahindutse cyane kugirango gikemure inganda zitandukanye.Vietnam yagiye iva mu bukungu bw’ubuhinzi ahanini kugira ngo iteze imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku isoko kandi bushingiye ku nganda.

Bottleneck's gutsinda

Ariko hariho inzitizi nyinshi zigomba gukemurwa niba igihugu gishaka guterana ubushinwa.

Kurugero, imiterere ya Vietnam yinganda zihendutse zishingiye ku nganda zikora inganda zishobora guteza ikibazo - niba igihugu kitazamutse mu ntera y’agaciro, ibindi bihugu byo mu karere nka Bangladesh, Tayilande cyangwa Kamboje nabyo bitanga akazi gahendutse.

Byongeye kandi, hamwe na guverinoma yashyizeho ingufu nyinshi mu gushora imari mu nganda zikorana buhanga n’ibikorwa remezo kugira ngo bihuze byinshi n’urwego rutanga amasoko ku isi, gusa sosiyete mpuzamahanga (MNCs) ifite ibikorwa bike by’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere (R&D) muri Vietnam.

Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagaragaje kandi ko Vietnam itunzwe cyane no gutumiza mu mahanga ibikoresho fatizo kandi ikagira uruhare gusa mu gukora no guteranya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Hatabayeho gusubira inyuma guhuza inganda zunganira, bizaba inzozi zifuza guhuza nubunini bwumusaruro nku Bushinwa.

Usibye ibyo, izindi mbogamizi zirimo ingano ya pisine, abakozi babishoboye, ubushobozi bwo gukemura ikibazo gitunguranye gituruka ku musaruro ukenewe, nibindi byinshi.

Ikindi kibanza cyingenzi ni imishinga iciriritse ya Vietnam, imishinga mito n'iciriritse (MSMEs) - igizwe na 93.7% yumushinga wose - igarukira kumasoko mato cyane kandi ntishobora kwagura ibikorwa byayo kubantu benshi.Kubigira ikintu gikomeye cyo kuniga mugihe cyibibazo, kimwe nicyorezo cya COVID-19.

Niyo mpamvu, ari ngombwa ko ubucuruzi butera intambwe isubira inyuma kandi bugasubiramo ingamba zo kwimura abantu - bitewe n’uko iki gihugu kigifite ibirometero byinshi kugira ngo kigere ku muvuduko w’Ubushinwa, amaherezo byaba ari byiza ko ujya muri 'Ubushinwa-wongeyeho-umwe'? ingamba aho?